Preprint Watch

The Shift Towards Preprints in AI Policy Research: A Comparative Study of Preprint Trends in the U.S., Europe, and South Korea

Leave a Comment / arXiv, Normal Science /

URL https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.03835.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing Open Science Highlights This preprint examines the impact of global events (COVID-19, ChatGPT) on preprint citation trends in AI policy research across the U.S., Europe, and South Korea. It operates within the open science paradigm, which promotes transparency and accessibility in research dissemination. The study analyzes bibliometric data […]

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The Delta Learning Hypothesis: Preference Tuning on Weak Data can Yield Strong Gains

Leave a Comment / arXiv, Normal Science /

URL https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.06187.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing The preprint operates within the dominant paradigm of Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) for Large Language Model (LLM) optimization. Highlights This preprint presents the "delta learning hypothesis," which suggests that improvements to LLMs can be achieved by leveraging the relative difference in quality

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Who is Responsible When AI Fails? Mapping Causes, Entities, and Consequences of AI Privacy and Ethical Incidents

Leave a Comment / arXiv, Model Drift /

URL https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.01029.pdf Stage Model Drift Paradigm framing Socio-Technical, Governance, and Human-Computer Interaction Highlights This preprint analyzes real-world incidents related to AI systems through the lens of Thomas Kuhn's paradigm cycle. While it doesn't propose a radical shift in our understanding of AI (a paradigm shift), it does highlight significant discrepancies between existing theoretical frameworks and

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A Fog Over the Cosmological SGWB: Unresolved Massive Black Hole Binaries in the LISA Band

Leave a Comment / arXiv, Normal Science /

URL https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.18965.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing The preprint operates within the established paradigm of modern cosmology and astrophysics, specifically focusing on the detection and characterization of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs). This paradigm encompasses the theoretical framework of general relativity, the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM), and the astrophysical understanding of black hole formation and evolution.

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Dissecting the Genetic Relationship Between Severe Mental Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

Leave a Comment / medRxiv, Normal Science /

URL https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.22.25330080v1.full.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing The preprint operates within the dominant paradigm of genetic epidemiology, specifically focusing on the interplay of genes and environment in complex diseases. It adheres to the established methodologies of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and related statistical analyses. Highlights This preprint investigates the genetic relationship between severe mental disorders

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Machine learning prediction for early-stage melanoma outcomes: recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival

Leave a Comment / medRxiv, Normal Science /

URL https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.25328519v1.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing The paradigm is the established understanding of melanoma outcomes prediction within the oncological field, with the focus on improving prognostic accuracy through existing frameworks. Highlights This research operates within the 'normal science' stage of Kuhn's paradigm cycle. It accepts the existing paradigm of using clinicopathological data and established

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Identifying phage proteins that activate the bacterial innate immune system

Leave a Comment / bioRxiv, Normal Science /

URL https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662641v1.full.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing The preprint operates within the dominant paradigm of molecular biology and genetics, specifically focusing on the co-evolutionary arms race between bacteria and bacteriophages. It adheres to the established understanding of bacterial immune systems and phage infection mechanisms. Highlights This preprint firmly falls within the "Normal Science" stage of

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An integrated brain-machine interface platform with thousands of channels

Leave a Comment / bioRxiv, Normal Science /

URL https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703801v4.full.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing The paradigm is Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) for restoration of sensory and motor function and treatment of neurological disorders. Highlights This preprint presents incremental advancements within the existing paradigm of BMIs. It focuses on improving the scalability and bandwidth of BMIs by developing novel electrode "threads", a neurosurgical robot

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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia with a CX3CR1-V249I genetic variant exhibit dysfunctional phenotypes and modulate neuronal growth and function

Leave a Comment / bioRxiv, Normal Science /

URL https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662163v1.full.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing The preprint operates within the dominant paradigm of using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and CRISPR technology to model human diseases, specifically neurodegenerative diseases, in vitro. It also adheres to the paradigm of studying microglia and their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Highlights This research represents a

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia with a CX3CR1-V249I genetic variant exhibit dysfunctional phenotypes and modulate neuronal growth and function Read More »

Developing artificial intelligence tools for institutional review board pre-review: A pilot study on ChatGPT’s accuracy and reproducibility

Leave a Comment / medRxiv, Normal Science /

URL https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.24317555v2.full-text.pdf Stage Normal Science Paradigm framing Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Large language models; Institutional review board review; Research ethics Highlights This preprint presents a pilot study exploring the use of ChatGPT for pre-institutional review board (IRB) review of clinical research documents. It focuses on evaluating the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT in extracting

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