Biobank-scale exposome-wide risk factors in CAD and T2D: observational, predictive, and potentially causative evidence

The preprint operates within the dominant paradigm of biomedicine and epidemiology, which emphasizes the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in disease development. It adheres to established research methodologies and statistical analyses commonly accepted in these fields.

The study uses well-established methods like ExWAS and Mendelian Randomization, and focuses on widely accepted risk factors and diseases (CAD and T2D). The research doesn't challenge existing paradigms but rather refines our understanding within the current framework. Therefore, it fits squarely within Kuhn's concept of 'Normal Science' where research aims to consolidate and extend the dominant paradigm, rather than overturn it. There are elements of pre-paradigm research involved as the preprint explores the nascent concept of 'exposome', but its primary thrust remains confirmatory within established paradigms.