From Bjorken Scaling to Scaling Violations

The preprint operates within the paradigm of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) as the accepted theory of strong interactions.

This preprint details the historical progression of understanding strong interactions, starting from the pre-paradigm struggles with perturbative pion-nucleon theory, to the model drift represented by approaches like current algebra and the bootstrap philosophy, ultimately leading to the model revolution and paradigm shift sparked by the discovery of scaling violations in deep inelastic scattering and the subsequent development and validation of QCD. The preprint focuses heavily on the progression of experimental results and theoretical developments that solidified QCD's place as the current paradigm. This makes the preprint a prime example of normal science within the QCD paradigm. The preprint elaborates extensively on the puzzles and anomalies that arose within earlier models of strong interactions (model drift), the experimental findings that challenged these models (model crisis), and the emergence of QCD and parton model as solutions (model revolution), which eventually led to the widespread acceptance of QCD (paradigm shift). However, the central theme of the paper revolves around the refinement and application of QCD to understand scaling violations and related phenomena, which characterizes the activity within an established paradigm—normal science.