Association of Obesity with Kidney Function Outcomes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

The paradigm is the current understanding of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) and its relationship with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), focusing on obesity as a potential contributing factor to kidney dysfunction in HFpEF. The research operates within the existing framework of cardio-renal interactions and established diagnostic criteria for both conditions.

This preprint falls under the "Normal Science" classification within Kuhn's paradigm cycle. The research investigates a specific question (the impact of obesity on kidney function in HFpEF) within the accepted paradigm of cardio-renal interactions in heart failure. The study utilizes established methods and metrics (eGFR, BMI, WC, WHtR) for assessing kidney function and obesity, and employs standard statistical analysis. The findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge within the current paradigm without challenging or overturning fundamental assumptions. There is no evidence suggesting a paradigm shift, model crisis, or revolution. The research aims to refine and expand our current understanding within the existing framework of HFpEF and CKD. While the authors suggest their findings may reveal unique pathophysiology, they do not dispute the core tenets of the current paradigm.